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Achievements of the Mayan civilization by xiaoxiao90
Achievements of the Mayan civilization
Mathematics
Mayan mathematics, 5 binary symbols, 20-bit computing into the
Maya, often called “the most brilliant products of the human brain,” the five binary mathematical body, Maya (or their Olmec ancestors) independently developed the concept of zero, it is Shakespeare’s invention and use of non-ancient civilization The earliest use of “zero” in India but also earlier than the Europeans about 800 years earlier. And use two decimal number system; figures point (*) represents 1, horizontal bars (-) represents 5. Inscriptions show that they sometimes used billion. For example, in time, the Maya have a feature called “Aarau East” units, the equivalent of such a large unit, only need to use when measuring interstellar distances.
Calendar
Main article: Maya calendar
The Mayan calendar is unique in the world calendar, their calendar system constituted by the three kinds of calendars that God calendar, solar calendar and the calendar long discipline.
God calendar also known as “Chelsea gold calendar” year 260 days by the 20 gods of images and the number of 1 to 13, and continuously combined cycle, similar to China’s attribution, through constant combinations, to get 260 kinds of combination of icons, representing 260 days.
Solar calendar based on astronomical calculations from the Venus calendar. Points 18 months a year, every month 20 days plus 5 days as taboo days, this year is 365 days. After a stellar observations skilled in the Mayan long-term observation, careful calculation, the length of one-year fix for the day, which with today’s scientific determination of the absolute value of older 365.242198 days, a difference of less than one ten thousandth.
Projections for long distant discipline very long calendar of historical scale, built on top of an extremely advanced mathematical thinking, the use of the Mayan calendar can be accurately set down thousands each day. According to archaeologists, the Maya of the 16th century Spanish invasion of time, and then record the matter in accordance with the inscription on the back projection unit count, calculate the first year of the Mayan dating 3114 BC August 13.
Cycle of 73 years when God circle, and turnover of just 52 laps of the solar year with a mark on the back, thus forming a 52-year major cycle, the Maya and so will 52 years as a century.
Not only that, the Maya also developed a “lunar calendar”, calculated the Mars and Jinxing Gong turn a week, and find the solar calendar and lunar calendar to correct the error accumulation method.
There are some Mayan calendar cycle. For example:
20 Kim Kin (days) = 1 Una Unial (months) or 20 days
Una Unial = 1 shield 18 Tun (years) or 360 days
20 Shield Shield Tun = 1 card or 7200 days Katun
20 Katun = 1 Card Shield Shield Baktun Burke or 144,000 days
Burke Shield 20 Shield Baktun = 1 pg
20 pg = 1 Kara shield shield
20 Kara shield shield = 1 Ginch
20 Ginch shield = 1 Alto Shield
Every nation has a general era. However, in the Mayan legend, they have several epoch (a total of five era), each era is the end of the devastation to the earth as a starting point. Maya era began in the last 3113 years BC, this is what they settled in the United States the day; Maya era began in the last 11,000 years BC, when just the end of the ice age on Earth; and then push forward They have four epoch, each epoch of time to be in several hundreds of thousands or millions of years to calculate.
According to the Mayan mythology, the earth is now the fourth era, which, according to projections this era will end on December 21, 2012. After the end of the fourth era, the big clean the earth reborn, surviving humans will become more disillusioned new human consciousness, which began a new civilization, the fifth era began. The fifth discipline is the ultimate Yan a, after the end of this civilization, the total destruction of the earth will truly disappear in the universe. Supporters say that the end of 2012, as Earth’s magnetic field reverses the devastating destruction of human beings may therefore perish.
Building
Palenque Temple
Tikal ruins
Maya in the absence of metal tools, do not use BMX, no cattle and other large domestic animal under the conditions created a high degree of urban civilization, its legacy is huge, fully functioning city remains, you can see the superb construction standards and engineering technology.
Since many buildings are used for worship and other religious ceremonies, Maya buildings are everywhere in the law on the number of celestial bodies. For example, Kukulcan (Kukulkan) pyramid about 30 meters high, surrounded by the 91 steps of the surround, add up to a total of 364 bands, together with the temple tower of the feathered serpent, a total of 365 bands, the symbol of a solar year of 365 days. In addition to the number of outside steps, each 52 square pyramid surrounded by relief that the first century Maya 52 years. Classic period Maya city-state’s largest “Tikal” urban area of ??more than 65 square kilometers, a total of 3000 over the pyramids, altars, stone and other relics; affected area radius of 500 square kilometers, is only in its central region, there is a large pyramid ten several, more than 50 small temples. Tikal pyramid slope of 70 of stunning design, its shape is like a Gothic cathedral in Europe as Qi Qiao, and thus it was called “jungle Cathedral.” There was no era of advanced tools, a huge stone chisel to cut, transported to the depths of the jungle, then a block of ten tons of stones piled up, piled high seven 10 meters, can be called a miracle.
Agriculture
Mayan civilization and the other four, was not produced in large river basins, but the rise in the barren volcanic highlands and lush tropical rainforest. Mayan corn and beans is the staple food, meat is relatively small, no wheat, the main crops, cotton, tobacco, tomato, cocoa, etc. Maya civilization, although urban civilization, but the foundation built on top of corn agriculture. Since ancient times, Mayan farmers to adopt an extremely primitive, “Mier Pa ‘farming: they are putting all the trees chopped down, over a period of time to dry after the rainy season before the fire burned to ash as fertilizer, cover the barren soil of the rainforest (slash and burn). A kind of burning crop, followed by 1-3 years to fallow, some places even up to six years, looks to be more lush vegetation burned after another species. Agricultural production capacity of the slow, prolonged drought in the event of a civilization will become very fragile, which is the sudden disappearance of the Mayan civilization scientists speculate that one reason.
In the first U.S. satellite detection task, the scientists found that Maya uses similar precision cross irrigation channels.
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Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Achievements-of-the-Mayan-civilization/1173177
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